Nadia wants to buy 4 items from a school bookshop: - Textbook: $23 - Pencil case: $16 - Calculator: $47 - Ruler: $8 She rounds each price to the nearest $10 to estimate whether she can afford all 4 items. Her budget is $98. Based on her rounded estimate, Nadia decides she CANNOT afford all 4 items. If she bought them anyway, how much change would she receive from $98?
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Worked Solution
Step 1: Round each price to the nearest $10 by checking the ones digit.
$23 -> ones digit 3 round down -> $20
$16 -> ones digit 6 >= 5 -> round up -> $20
$47 -> ones digit 7 >= 5 -> round up -> $50
$8 -> ones digit 8 >= 5 -> round up -> $10
Step 2: Find the estimated total.
$20 + $20 + $50 + $10 = $100
Step 3: Compare estimate to budget.
$100 > $98 -> Nadia estimates she CANNOT afford all 4 items. (This confirms the statement in the question.)
Step 4: Find the ACTUAL total (do not round).
$23 + $16 = $39
$39 + $47 = $86
$86 + $8 = $94
Actual total = $94
Step 5: Since $94 < $98, she can actually afford them.
Change = $98 - $94 = $4
Correct answer: $4
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