By the time the firemen arrived at the scene, the brave neighbors ________ the fire using buckets of water.
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Worked Solution
Step 1: Identify that there are two past actions: neighbors putting out the fire and firemen arriving.
Step 2: Observe the phrase 'By the time', which indicates one action happened before another in the past.
Step 3: Use the Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) for the earlier action. Neighbors put out the fire first, so 'had extinguished' is correct.
Correct answer: had extinguished
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